If there’s anyone we gotta hand it to, it’s archaeologists. Archeologists quite literally dig up artifacts from the past that help us understand the history of our lands and all the people who have called it home dating back thousands of years (if not longer). Missouri has been part of several important finds. Some have since been listed on the National Register of Historic Places like the Mastodon State Historic Site in Imperial and as National State Landmarks like the Graham Cave Historic Site in Montgomery County. Here are just of few of the interesting artifacts they have uncovered. How many of these Missouri archaeological sites do you know about? Let us know.
- Jaguar Gorget from Fairfield Mound in Benton County
Facebook/ Museum of Anthropology, Mizzou The Jaguar Gorget is the most recognizable Missouri artifact. It was most likely made during the Middle Woodland period (250 B.C.- 450 A.D.).
- Bone tool from Boone County
Facebook/ Museum of Anthropology, Mizzou The worksmanship on this is fascinating.
- Head pot from Pemiscot County.
Facebook/ Museum of Anthropology, Mizzou We’re curious about the story behind this.
- Cahokia point found in Jefferson County
Facebook/ Museum of Anthropology, Mizzou Cahokia points were made between A.D. 900 and 1300.
- Walls Engraved Bottle
Facebook/ Museum of Anthropology, Mizzou Found in Southeast Missouri, this bottle is from the Mississippian Period (A.D. 800 to 1600) and is 21.5 cm tall.
- Graham Cave point from Graham Cave
Facebook/ Museum of Anthropology, Mizzou The cave is now a Missouri State Park just off I-70 near Danville. The cave has been excavated between 1949 and 1961 by The University of Missouri and the Missouri Archaeological Society. The site protects Pre-Columbian artifacts from the ancient Dalton and Archaic period dating back to as early as 10,000 years ago.
- Dalton Point
Facebook/ Museum of Anthropology, Mizzou A beautiful Dalton point that dates back to 8950 - 7900 B.C. One of the oldest known point types in North America, Dalton points normally demonstrate exceptional workmanship.
- Jesuit Rings
Facebook/ Museum of Anthropology, Mizzou These three brass rings found at archaeological sites in Missouri are examples of Jesuit rings. These rings were used by missionaries in the 17th and 18th centuries, possibly as gifts to recent native converts.
On the top ring, the IHS design stands for Iesus Hominum Salvator, meaning “Jesus Savior of Mankind.”
The middle rings’ Double-M design has an inverted M superimposed over an upright M and stands for Mater Misericordia, or “Mother of Mercy.”
The bottom ring depicts a Crucifixion scene.
- A discoidal from Butler County.
Facebook/ Museum of Anthropology, Mizzou The discoidal is made from granite and is 5.9 cm in diameter. Our friends at Arrowheads.com define a discoidal as “a round Mississippian game stone that was used in the ancient Native American game known as chungke or chunkey.”
- Council ring, Graham Cave
Wikimedia/ By Kbh3rd - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0 The above image shows the edge of an excavation with layers that have been dated more than 8800 years back. It partially exposes a circle of stones around a larger stone, considered to possibly be a council ring.
- Turtle Effigy Vessel found at Murphy Mound in Pemiscot County
anthromuseum.missouri.edu This turtle effigy is an example of a Cat-monster vessel, which describes a type of pottery where the bowl is the body of an animal or “monster” with carved designs forming the head and tail. These are frequently found in the central Mississippi River valley, and especially in Pemiscot County. The style dates from the Late Mississippian period, after A.D. 1350.
- Lilbourn Mace found in New Madrid County
anthromuseum.missouri.edu The Lilbourn Mace is one of the most unique artifacts found in Missouri. It is Mill Creek chert and measures 40 cm long, 13 cm wide, and 2.3 cm thick. It dates back to the Middle Mississippian period (A.D. 1200 – 1400).
- A mastodon skeleton on display in the museum at the Mastodon State Historical Site in Imperial
Wikimedia/ By Kevin Saff from Minneapolis, USA - Genuine mastodon skeleton replicaUploaded by Kbh3rd, CC BY-SA 2.0 The Mastodon State Historic Site is a 431-acre archaeological and paleontological site with recreational features that preserves the Kimmswick Bone Bed. In the early 19th century, bones of mastodons and other now-extinct animals were first found at this location. As a result, the area became well known as one of the most extensive Pleistocene ice age deposits in the country.
Mostateparks.com When scientists excavated a stone spear point made by hunters of the Clovis culture (14,000-10,000 years ago) in 1979, history was made. The point was found in direct association with mastodon bones, creating the first solid evidence of the coexistence of mastodons and people. The Kimmswick Bone Bed was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
- Paddlewheel of the Arabia located at the Arabia Steamboat Museum in Kansas City
Wikimedia/ By Johnmaxmena2 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0 The steamboat Arabia was a side wheeler steamboat built in 1853 in Brownsville, Pennsylvania. On September 5, 1856, it hit a snag in the Missouri River and sank near Parkville, Missouri. The steamboat and its contents were found in the late 1980s by a team of researchers. We recently posted about this Archaeological site in Missouri if you’re interested in more information.
- Cahokia Copper, left figure from Malden
Wikimedia/ By Herb Roe, CC BY-SA 3.0 Pictured are three examples of Mississippian culture avian-themed repoussé copper plates. The figure on the right is from Spiro Mounds in Oklahoma, and the middle plate is from the Etowah Mounds in Georgia. The figure on the left is Wulfing plate A, one of Wulfing cache from Malden, Missouri. Many examples of this type of artwork have been found in many states throughout the Midwest and Southeast.
Which was your favorite? We especially love the head pot and the amazing Cahokia copper! All of these artifacts are intriguing for infinite reasons, and we’re curious: which one interests you the most? Let us know.
Facebook/ Museum of Anthropology, Mizzou
The Jaguar Gorget is the most recognizable Missouri artifact. It was most likely made during the Middle Woodland period (250 B.C.- 450 A.D.).
The worksmanship on this is fascinating.
We’re curious about the story behind this.
Cahokia points were made between A.D. 900 and 1300.
Found in Southeast Missouri, this bottle is from the Mississippian Period (A.D. 800 to 1600) and is 21.5 cm tall.
The cave is now a Missouri State Park just off I-70 near Danville. The cave has been excavated between 1949 and 1961 by The University of Missouri and the Missouri Archaeological Society. The site protects Pre-Columbian artifacts from the ancient Dalton and Archaic period dating back to as early as 10,000 years ago.
A beautiful Dalton point that dates back to 8950 - 7900 B.C. One of the oldest known point types in North America, Dalton points normally demonstrate exceptional workmanship.
These three brass rings found at archaeological sites in Missouri are examples of Jesuit rings. These rings were used by missionaries in the 17th and 18th centuries, possibly as gifts to recent native converts.
On the top ring, the IHS design stands for Iesus Hominum Salvator, meaning “Jesus Savior of Mankind.”
The middle rings’ Double-M design has an inverted M superimposed over an upright M and stands for Mater Misericordia, or “Mother of Mercy.”
The bottom ring depicts a Crucifixion scene.
The discoidal is made from granite and is 5.9 cm in diameter. Our friends at Arrowheads.com define a discoidal as “a round Mississippian game stone that was used in the ancient Native American game known as chungke or chunkey.”
Wikimedia/ By Kbh3rd - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0
The above image shows the edge of an excavation with layers that have been dated more than 8800 years back. It partially exposes a circle of stones around a larger stone, considered to possibly be a council ring.
anthromuseum.missouri.edu
This turtle effigy is an example of a Cat-monster vessel, which describes a type of pottery where the bowl is the body of an animal or “monster” with carved designs forming the head and tail. These are frequently found in the central Mississippi River valley, and especially in Pemiscot County. The style dates from the Late Mississippian period, after A.D. 1350.
The Lilbourn Mace is one of the most unique artifacts found in Missouri. It is Mill Creek chert and measures 40 cm long, 13 cm wide, and 2.3 cm thick. It dates back to the Middle Mississippian period (A.D. 1200 – 1400).
Wikimedia/ By Kevin Saff from Minneapolis, USA - Genuine mastodon skeleton replicaUploaded by Kbh3rd, CC BY-SA 2.0
The Mastodon State Historic Site is a 431-acre archaeological and paleontological site with recreational features that preserves the Kimmswick Bone Bed. In the early 19th century, bones of mastodons and other now-extinct animals were first found at this location. As a result, the area became well known as one of the most extensive Pleistocene ice age deposits in the country.
Mostateparks.com
When scientists excavated a stone spear point made by hunters of the Clovis culture (14,000-10,000 years ago) in 1979, history was made. The point was found in direct association with mastodon bones, creating the first solid evidence of the coexistence of mastodons and people. The Kimmswick Bone Bed was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
Wikimedia/ By Johnmaxmena2 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0
The steamboat Arabia was a side wheeler steamboat built in 1853 in Brownsville, Pennsylvania. On September 5, 1856, it hit a snag in the Missouri River and sank near Parkville, Missouri. The steamboat and its contents were found in the late 1980s by a team of researchers. We recently posted about this Archaeological site in Missouri if you’re interested in more information.
Wikimedia/ By Herb Roe, CC BY-SA 3.0
Pictured are three examples of Mississippian culture avian-themed repoussé copper plates. The figure on the right is from Spiro Mounds in Oklahoma, and the middle plate is from the Etowah Mounds in Georgia. The figure on the left is Wulfing plate A, one of Wulfing cache from Malden, Missouri. Many examples of this type of artwork have been found in many states throughout the Midwest and Southeast.
A special thanks to The University of Missouri Museum of Anthropology as well for their help and information about these amazing items.
If you can’t get enough of all the amazing wonders of Missouri, you might want to check out some fun facts about Missouri that you probably didn’t know!
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The OIYS Visitor Center
Missouri Archaeological Sites January 09, 2023 Tori Jane
How many Missouri archaeological sites are there?
You might want to hold on to your hat for this one: there are more than 18,000 known and registered Missouri archaeological sites in existence. Folks may not think of this little state when it comes to archaeology and human history, but perhaps they should – it’s a state rich in both. 2. What kind of Indian artifacts have been found in Missouri? Over the decades, there have been countless amazing Indian artifacts found in what is now Missouri. Among the most notable Indian artifacts to be discovered are jewels like:
The Jaguar Gorget, likely made between 250 BC and 450 AD The Pemiscot County head pot
The Walls Engraved Bottle, likely made between AD 800 and AD 1600 Multiple arrowhead tips, including rare clovis sites
3. How many known Clovis sites in Missouri are there? While it is unknown exactly how many Clovis sites in Missouri there are, it is known that more than 10,000 Clovis points have been found thus far in the United States (including in Missouri). Other states that Clovis points have been discovered in include:
Texas (where the oldest known Clovis points were found)
New Mexico (“Clovis” points are named for the town in this state) Montana Wyoming Colorado Oklahoma
…and even more, including as far south as Venezuela
The OIYS Visitor Center
Missouri Archaeological Sites
January 09, 2023
Tori Jane
How many Missouri archaeological sites are there?
You might want to hold on to your hat for this one: there are more than 18,000 known and registered Missouri archaeological sites in existence. Folks may not think of this little state when it comes to archaeology and human history, but perhaps they should – it’s a state rich in both. 2. What kind of Indian artifacts have been found in Missouri? Over the decades, there have been countless amazing Indian artifacts found in what is now Missouri. Among the most notable Indian artifacts to be discovered are jewels like:
The Jaguar Gorget, likely made between 250 BC and 450 AD The Pemiscot County head pot
The Walls Engraved Bottle, likely made between AD 800 and AD 1600 Multiple arrowhead tips, including rare clovis sites
3. How many known Clovis sites in Missouri are there? While it is unknown exactly how many Clovis sites in Missouri there are, it is known that more than 10,000 Clovis points have been found thus far in the United States (including in Missouri). Other states that Clovis points have been discovered in include:
Texas (where the oldest known Clovis points were found)
New Mexico (“Clovis” points are named for the town in this state) Montana Wyoming Colorado Oklahoma
…and even more, including as far south as Venezuela
The OIYS Visitor Center
The OIYS Visitor Center
You might want to hold on to your hat for this one: there are more than 18,000 known and registered Missouri archaeological sites in existence. Folks may not think of this little state when it comes to archaeology and human history, but perhaps they should – it’s a state rich in both.
- What kind of Indian artifacts have been found in Missouri?
Over the decades, there have been countless amazing Indian artifacts found in what is now Missouri. Among the most notable Indian artifacts to be discovered are jewels like:
The Jaguar Gorget, likely made between 250 BC and 450 AD
The Pemiscot County head pot
The Walls Engraved Bottle, likely made between AD 800 and AD 1600
Multiple arrowhead tips, including rare clovis sites
- How many known Clovis sites in Missouri are there?
While it is unknown exactly how many Clovis sites in Missouri there are, it is known that more than 10,000 Clovis points have been found thus far in the United States (including in Missouri). Other states that Clovis points have been discovered in include:
Texas (where the oldest known Clovis points were found)
New Mexico (“Clovis” points are named for the town in this state)
Montana
Wyoming
Colorado
Oklahoma
…and even more, including as far south as Venezuela
